@article { WOS:000372851500022,
	title = {Vapor and healing treatment for CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3-x</sub>Cl<sub>x</sub> films toward large-area perovskite solar cells},
	journal = {NANOSCALE},
	volume = {8},
	number = {12},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {6386-6392},
	abstract = {Hybrid methyl-ammonium lead trihalide perovskites are promising low-cost materials for use in solar cells and other optoelectronic applications. With a certified photovoltaic conversion efficiency record of 20.1\%, scale-up for commercial purposes is already underway. However, preparation of large-area perovskite films remains a challenge, and films of perovskites on large electrodes suffer from non-uniform performance. Thus, production and characterization of the lateral uniformity of large-area films is a crucial step towards scale-up of devices. In this paper, we present a reproducible method for improving the lateral uniformity and performance of large-area perovskite solar cells (32 cm(2)). The method is based on methyl-ammonium iodide (MAI) vapor treatment as a new step in the sequential deposition of perovskite films. Following the MAI vapor treatment, we used high throughput techniques to map the photovoltaic performance throughout the large-area device. The lateral uniformity and performance of all photovoltaic parameters (V-oc, J(sc), Fill Factor, Photo-conversion efficiency) increased, with an overall improved photo-conversion efficiency of similar to 100\% following a vapor treatment at 140 degrees C. Based on XRD and photoluminescence measurements, We propose that the MAI treatment promotes a {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}healing effect{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} to the perovskite film which increases the lateral uniformity across the large-area solar cell. Thus, the straightforward MAI vapor treatment is highly beneficial for large scale commercialization of perovskite solar cells, regardless of the specific deposition method.},
	issn = {2040-3364},
	doi = {10.1039/c5nr08658b},
	url = {https://molloy.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/openurl?institution=01MOLLOY_INST\&vid=01MOLLOY_INST:01MOLLOY_INST\&volume=8\&date=20160616\&aulast=Gouda\&issn=2040-3364\&issue=12\&epage=6392\&genre=article\&spage=6386\&title=Nanoscale\&atitle=Vapor\%20and\%20healing},
	author = {Gouda, Laxman and Gottesman, Ronen and Tirosh, Shay and Haltzi, Eynav and Hu, Jiangang and Ginsburg, Adam and Keller, David A. and Bouhadana, Yaniv and Zaban, Arie}
}
